Cyberbanking & Law -> PAPERS <-

Latest Entries
Breakdown of a payment network (-0/4-/2004) Security of the networks (-0/4-/2004) Digital signatures (-0/4-/2004)
English language
Digital Money Online A brief overview of some existing systems. (Schöter, Willmer, February 1997 - via inter://trader) Electronic Banking This brochure lists types of consumer transactions that are covered under the federal Electronic Fund Transfer Act. (Facts for Consumers from the Federal Trade Commission, February 1993 - via Advertising Law Internet Site) Electronic Payment Schemes This paper presents a framework for discussion of electronic payement schemes. (Hallam-Baker, December 1995 - via W3C Electronic Commerce Interest Group) Electronic purses A selected bibliography on electronic purses. (Centrum voor Financiële Economie, via Vrije Universiteit Brussel) Onlinebanking Papers A certain amount of papers (in english) related to online banking. (via bankinfo.com)
Papers
A Comparative Study of IT Security Criteria The present guide compares a number of established set of criteria in the subject area of IT security against a number of selected parameters. The aim here is to help a potential user to decide which of these sets of criteria would be helpful in a particular case. The document is also intended to assist in the interpretation of references and statements on security which are based on those sets of criteria. (Initiative D21 - Team 5, December 2001 - via Initiative D 21) A secure, economic infrastructure for signing of web based documents and financial affairs This article presents a security infrastructure designed for economic, ergonomic and secure signing of web based documents in financial affairs. (Fritsch, January 2002 - via CBL-Journal) Cyberbanking and Privacy: The Contracts Model A first claim of the paper is that the use of customer information by banks can and should be conceptualized under contract principles. A second claim is that the law-and-economics approach to contracts supports having important rights in the information held by the consumer rather than by the bank. (Swire, March 1997 - via Ohio State University College of Law) Cyberpayments - Credit Cards Are Here to Stay This paper describes the fundamental characteristics of existing and new payment schemes, reviews existing legislation and gives a perspective on coming developments. It is based on the presumption that, with only a few exceptions, existing payment schemes are technically and legally ready for payments over the Internet and that consequently there is no pressing need for new payment systems. (Behling, January 2001 - via JurPC) E-commerce.co.uk - Local Rules In A Global Net This paper addresses the legal issues raised by online contracting from the English contract law perspective. In particular, legal requirements as to form (by deed, in writing) and to the formation of a contract are discussed. As for the latter issue, particular emphasis is placed on the distinction between offers and invitations to treat and on the applicability of the postal rule. Finally, the paper addresses the questions which court has jurisdiction to hear cross-border contractual disputes and which law is applicable to contractual obligations (choice of law). (Werner, March 2001 - via International Journal of Communications Law and Policy) E-payments in Europe - the Eurosystem's perspective The paper covers inter alia policy considerations related to the possible role and involvement of the Eurosystem in the field of e-payments under its mandate to promote the smooth operation of payment systems. (ECB, September 2002, via European Central Bank) Electronic commerce - UK proposals This paper considers the proposals put forward by the DTI in the light of the propositions adopted by the EU and the USA, and considers what form the eventual Bill could take. (Burden via BLG) Electronic Contracts under China’s Legal Framework In the past decade the development of e-commerce has been so rapid that online transactions and EDI abound. Electronic contracts meeting the demands put forward by these developments involve manifold legal issues. China is gradually making progress in its legislation process concerning electronic contracts. (Stucken, Wei, March 2001 - via LEGAmedia) European Private International Law and Cyberbanking Agreements Paper presented by the Chairman of the Cyberbanking Commission of the ECOMDER Congress of the Law School of Buenos Aires, focusing on PIL problems in regards to contracts concluded in the field of eBanking (Graham, 2000, via Net-org) Finality of Credit Card Payments and Consumer Confidence – Different Approaches in the United States and in Europe The lack of consumer confidence in the electronic marketplace is generally viewed as one of the main reasons why business to consumer electronic commerce in Europe is far from meeting expectations. Although many e-tailers are currently struggling in the U.S. as well, online merchants in the B2C sector apparently do significantly better than their European peers. One reason for these differences seems to be that consumers in the U.S. are much more comfortable with using their credit card in online transactions. The higher level of consumer confidence in the U.S. may in part be due to differences in existing credit card regulation. (Pichler, February 2001 - via Electronic Payment Systems Observatory-Newsletter) Financial Services in an Electronic Age: Some Emerging Legal Issues The objective of the authors is to highlight some of the issues facing financial institutions and financial institution regulators in connection with the provision of financial services through the Internet and the establishment of e-money plans. (Gahtan, Graham, June 1997 - via The Legal Portal™) Financial Services Should Meet Privacy Standards EU consumers are allowed to bring lawsuits concerning consumer electronic transactions in their local courts. This means that financial service companies are potentially at risk of suit in EU countries if they fail to meet the "adequacy" requirements of the Privacy Directive. (Kearney, Eastgate, November 2000 - via LEGAmedia) German case-law related to cyberlaw (1999-2000) Summaries of case-law, including intellectual property,contracts, and torts. (Graham, December 2000, via CBL) Innovation and Regulation - The Case of E-Money Regulation in the EU The paper discusses the “Electronic Money Institute ( EMI ) – Directive” that has to be implemented into national law by April 2002. First, it outlines the factors influencing the spread of innovative new solutions. Second, an analysis of the special features of payments is given. The paper also raises the question what the new character of e-money is and what regulations exist. Finally the state of implementation in the member states is presented and possible modifications of the Directive are discussed. (Centeno, November 2001 - via ePSO) Innovation and Regulation - The Case of e-Money Regulation in the EU. This paper attempts to analyse the possible effects of e-money regulation on innovations in electronic payments. Special attention is given to e-money regulation in the EU. The analysis highlights the special features of payments, stressing network effects and complementarities with other services. (Krueger, January 2002 - via Electronic Payment Systems Observatory) Insider Trading Prohibitions and Ad hoc Disclosure Pursuant to the German Securities Trading Act Explanations and recommendations for the treatment of price-sensitive information pursuant to Sections 12 et seq. of the Securities Trading Act (Federal Securities Supervisory Office, September 1998 - via Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ad-hoc-Publizität mbH) Integration of Electronic Payment Systems into B2C Internet Commerce - Problems and Perspectives The focus of this paper is on the integration of payment systems into B2C Internet commerce. (Böhle, April 2002 - via Electronic Payment Systems Observatory) Issues arising from the emergence of electronic money The paper reviews the development of electronic money and its implications for monetary policy, the oversight of payment systems and the prudential supervision of financial intermediaries. Particular reference is made to the recently adopted European Parliament and Council Directives relating to electronic money. (Monthly Bulletin November 2000 - via European Central Bank) Law & Technology Convergence: Electronic Payment Systems This Report forms part of an ongoing research program, which examines the legal issues raised by electronic payment systems and reviews some of the major systems currently available and outlines some of the legal issues involved in their use. (Sutter, December 1999 - via Electronic Commerce Legal Issues Platform) Management and supervision of cross-border electronic banking activities The purpose of this paper prepared by the Electronic Banking Group (EBG) of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is to express supervisory expectations and guidance as to banks carrying out cross-border electronic banking activities, as well as to their home and host supervisors. This paper has two main areas of focus. The first is to identify banks’ risk management responsibilities with respect to cross-border e-banking. The second objective is to focus attention on the need for effective home country supervision of cross-border e-banking activities as well as continued international cooperation between banking supervisors regarding such activities. (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, July 2003, via Bank for International Settlements) Net Contract Fights Should Avoid Courts E-commerce success depends not only on government policies such as jurisdiction and taxation, but even more critically on an underlying issue – will courts enforce electronic contracts consummated on-line, typically by consumers clicking an \'I agree\' icon on a web page? On that question, courts appear split. (Geist, January 2003 - via LEGAmedia) OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks These Guidelines respond to an ever changing security environment by promoting the development of a culture of security – that is, a focus on security in the development of information systems and networks and the adoption of new ways of thinking and behaving when using and interacting within information systems and networks. (July 2002 - via OECD) Regulating Competition between Stock Exchanges The paper includes: sections 2 - 6 provide an overview over the nature of competition between stock exchanges and their current regulation in the US and Europe. Section 7 presents a model that analyzes the effect of in-house trading systems like XetraBest on the equilibrium market spread and ar-gues that inhouse systems may reduce competition between market makers and increase trading costs. Section 8 summarizes and concludes. (Schwarz-Schilling, Wahrenburg, December 2002, via E-Finance Lab) Risk management principles for electronic banking The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has identified fourteen Risk Management Principles for Electronic Banking to help banking institutions expand their existing risk oversight policies and processes to cover their e-banking activities. (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, July 2003, via Bank for International Settlements) The Italian Smallxchange case An analyze of the Italian CONSOB's decision to suspend all trade activities of Smallxchange, an overseas headed company running a virtual stock exchange. (Graham, May 2000, via CBL) The Move toward Standardization These last few months the move toward the standardization of electronic purses has gained considerable momentum. Card issuers and newspapers present this move as crucial for crossborder transactions, and especially urgent for the Euro-zone. Starting from the network externalities theory, the author argues that interoperability is more important for electronic commerce over the Internet than for real-world cross-border transactions. (Van Hove, 1999, via first monday) The Shocking Truth about Digital Signatures and Internet Commerce A critical paper on digital signatures and why they may not be considered legally speaking as signatures at all. (Winn, March 2001) Unjust enrichment issues in triangular situations of defective cashless payments - the German approach in a comparative perspective The author's aim is to explain the German approach to three party cases which are located at the intersection of banking law and of the law of unjust enrichment. (Martinek, April 2002 - via Saarbrücker Bibliothek) Why Hasn't Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment Taken Off? The delivery and payment of bills over the Internet could offer many advantages—low processing costs and enhanced marketing opportunities for billers, savings in time and postage for customers. Nevertheless, electronic billing has not found favor with potential users. A lack of coordination among billers and customers, combined with the high fixed costs of the new technology, may help account for the cool reception. (Stefanadis, August 2002 - via Federal Reserve Bank of New York)
Reports
Advances and Remaining Challenges to Adoption of Public Key Infrastructure Technology Report by the General Accounting Office to the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Government Efficiency and Financial Management. (GAO, February 2001) Alternative dispute resolution Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) An Introduction to Electronic Money Issues This paper was prepared for the US Departement of Treasury Conference "Towards Electronic Money and Banking: The Role of Government", September 1996, Washington DC, to provide an introduction and background for electronic money and backing. (Staff from the US Department of Treasury, September 1996) Breakdown of a payment network Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Canadian Financial Institutions and their Adoption of New Technologies A study for the Canadian Task Force "The Future of Canadian Financial Services Sector". The Task Force site is also available in french. (Ernst, Young, September 1998 - via Task Force on the Future of the Canadian Financial Services Sector) Cases of Cyberbanking fraud "Cybercrime, Transnational crime and Intellectual Property theft", statement by Neil J. Gallagher before the Joint Economic Committee, US Congress (March 24, 1998) (Gallagher, viaUS House of Representatives) Customer mobility Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Cyberthreats and Information Security Meeting the 21st Century Challenge THe Center for Strategic and International Studies reports the different virtual threats like cracking and their impact on national, private and financial security. (Borchgrave & alii, December 2000 - via CSIS) Data protection issues Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Digital signatures Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Direct debiting Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) E-banking Risk Management The Monetary Authority of Singapore released a document that aim is to require banks to adopt risk management principles and security practices which will assist them. (2002, via a href="http://www.mas.gov.sg" target="_top">SMA) E-payments: Which Systems in Europe for the Coming Years? The main objective of this report is to assess the competitiveness of the SET/Cyber-COMM payment protocol in opposition to the general acceptation of the SSL communication protocol. (ENST, June 2001 - via STAR) Electronic Money Consumer protection, law enforcement, supervisory and cross border issues identified by the Working Group established by the G-10. (Group of Ten, April 1997 - via Bank for International Settlements) Electronic Payment Systems This Report forms part of an ongoing research programme which examines the legal issues raised by electronic payment systems. This initial document provides a brief overview of the various types of payment systems and it introduces the legal issues that arise from their news. (Edgar, December 1999 - via Electronic Commerce Legal Issues Platform) Electronic Payment Systems in European Countries This study has been realised in the frame of the European Science and Technology Observatory in 10 European countries and lines out national frameworks for banking and finanacial services and existing electronic payment systems. ( Böhle & alii, 1999) - via ITAS) Electronic Payment Systems in European Countries - Country Synthesis Report The Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) has been charged, by the President of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy of the European Parliament, to undertake a study on Electronic Payment Systems. The study aims to provide a comprehensive panorama of the positions of all actors concerned with the EMU and the introduction of new payment systems within the EU. One deliverable of the project will be a report about payment culture, electronic purses, internet payment methods, and electronic commerce of eight European countries. (Böhle, Rader, Riehm, March 1999 - via Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS)) ePayment Systems Database - Trends and Analysis This study analyses the evolution of Internet-based payment solutions offered to consumers in Europe. It is based on the observation of 100 electronic payment schemes taken from the e-Payment Systems Inventory, which is one of the deliverables of the electronic Payment Systems Observatory (ePSO) project. The main topics monitored by the report are: the role of non-banks within the payment systems providers; the positioning of telecommunications operators against banks; the main trends of payment solutions according to their level of deployment; the increasing importance of mobile networks and virtual wallets as payment platforms; the comparison between e-purses and pre-paid dedicated accounts; the reaction of banks with respect to virtual wallets; the main platforms that allow micro-payments; how credit cards remain the main Internet payment instrument; the emerging alternatives to credit cards for cross-border payments; the role played by consumer costs in the failure of a payment system. (Carat, March 2002 - via Electronic Payment Systems Observatory) Execution times for credit transfers Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) First Report on the application of Directive on on electronic commerce (November 2003, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Fraud and Intrusion Detection for Financial Information System End of year technical progress report for Rome Labs/DARPA, Columbia University (Stolfo, January 1998 - via Columbia University) From Wall Street to Web Street Prepared by the Investor Protection And Securities Bureau, the report deals with the problems and promise of the online brokerage industry. (Office of New York State Attorney General, 1999, via OAG) Global Clearing and Settlement: A Plan of Action. On January 23rd, 2003, the Group of Thirty released a report aimed at strengthening global arrangements for clearing and settlement of securities. The report recommends wide-ranging reform of the clearing and settlement process, including creation and implementation of global standards in technological and operational areas, improvements in risk management practices, further harmonization of global legal and regulatory environments, and improved governance for providers of clearing and settlement services. (Group of Thirty, January 2003 - via Group of Thirty) Implications for Central Banks of the Development of Electronic Money This short report gives a general overview of the key features and the main policy issues that arise for central banks as a result of the development of electronic money, a novel method for making retail payments electronically that is often seen as a close substitute for cash. (BIS, October 1996 - via Bank for International Settlements) Information on the originator of payments (SR VII of FATF) Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Information requirements Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Internet Banking: Comptroller's Handbook This booklet provides guidance to bankers and examiners on identifying and controlling the risks associated with Internet banking activities, issued by the Comptroller of the Currency Administrator of National Banks (USA). National rules related to burden of proof in payment services Comparative table: Answers to questionnaires on national rules by competent authorities. (December 2003 - via European Commission - Internal Market) National rules related to consequential damage in payment services Comparative table: Answers to questionnaires on national rules by competent authorities. (December 2003 - via European Commission - Internal Market) National rules related to liabilities in payment services Comparative table: Answers to questionnaires on national rules by competent authorities. (December 2003 - via European Commission - Internal Market) National rules related to non-resident accounts Comparative table: Answers to questionnaires on national rules by competent authorities. (December 2003 - via European Commission - Internal Market) National rules related to the right to provide payment services to the public Comparative table: Answers to questionnaires on national rules by competent authorities. (December 2003 - via European Commission - Internal Market) National rules related to the right to revoke a payment Comparative table: Answers to questionnaires on national rules by competent authorities. (December 2003 - via European Commission - Internal Market) National rules related to value dates in payment services Comparative table: Answers to questionnaires on national rules by competent authorities. (December 2003 - via European Commission - Internal Market) Non resident accounts Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Non-execution or defective execution Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) On-Line Brokerage: Keeping Apace of Cyberspace The pace of change and the strength of the securities markets generally has enabled investors to more directly participate in the securities markets. This confluence of events has raised a number of questions for the industry and the regulators; among others which will be the future of the brokerage industry? (SEC, October 2000 - via SEC Portability of bank account numbers Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Refund Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Removing barriers to cash circulation Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Report on Electronic Banking - TR 600 The main objective of this technical report is not to answer which existing electronic banking standard could be the basis of a European standard, because it is not possible to reach an agreement on that today - not before the questions why there may be a need for a common European standard and how this could be organised are first answered. (European Committee for Banking Standards, October 1999 - via European Committee for Banking Standards) Report on Electronic Money It highlights, in particular, the kinds of measures required with regard to electronic money in order not to hinder the conduct of monetary policy, to maintain the integrity and stability of financial markets and to encourage the efficiency and soundness of payment systems. (European Central Bank, August 1998 - via European Central Bank) Report on Securities Activity on the Internet II The Report addresses the current use of the Internet by investors, the securities industry and regulators, reviews the implementation of the recommendations made in the 1998 Report, and explores the issues raised by the evolution of the Internet. It is also accompanied by four annexes which are intended to provide the industry and regulators throughout the world with an overview of securities regulatory provisions relating to the Internet. (IOSCO, July 2001, via IOSCO) Report TR 102 V.3: Overview of European electronic purse projects This third version lists a number of active electronic purse systems managed by financial institutions in Europe. (European Committee for Banking Standards, March 2000 - via European Committee for Banking Standards) Report TR 209 V.1.1: Use of EDIFACT by the Banking Industry in Europe From the fourteen countries already presented in the 1st version of the survey, additional information was received from seven. Two countries, Norway and Sweden, which were not present in the first report, provided the responses to the questionnaire. More specifically, it must be noted that three countries indicated significant changes: Austria, Portugal and UK. (European Committee for Banking Standards, March 2000 - via European Committee for Banking Standards) Report TR 406: Guidelines on algorithms usage and key management The purpose of this Technical Report is to provide guidance to the European banking industry, in the field of cryptographic algorithms and related key management issues. This Technical Report has been written mainly for banks: security officers, risks managers, system engineers and systems designers. Although its reading does not assume expertise in cryptology, it contains some sections whose reading requires a basic mathematical background. (European Committee for Banking Standards, September 1999 - via European Committee for Banking Standards) Revocability of a payment order Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Risk Management for Electronic Banking and Electronic Money Activities The purpose of this document is to provide considerations for supervisory authorities and banking organisations as they develop methods for identifying, assessing, managing and controlling the risks associated with electronic banking and electronic money. (Basle Committee on Banking Supervision, March 1998 - via Bank for International Settlements) Securing Internet Payments - the Potential of Public Key Cryptography, Public Key Infrastrucure, and Digital Signatures This paper analyses how PKC, PKI and digital signatures can act as enablers for the deployment of secure Internet payments. The environment risks and the resulting security requirements are analysed, the security building capabilities of PKC, PKI, digital signatures and other infrastructure enabling elements such as smart cards and mobile phones are explored. Finally, a look at current practice is given, discussing the current use of these techniques in Internet and mobile payments and in other application fields such as e-government services. A number of policy questions arise. (Centeno, January 2002 - via Electronic Payment Systems Observatory) Security of Electronic Money This report highlights the main design features and functional aspects of electronic money products and analyses the technical risks specific to these products. It also describes the possible security measures that can be relied upon to prevent, detect and contain fraud. (Task Force on Security of Electronic Money, August 1996 - via Bank for International Settlements) Security of the networks Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Study on the Security of Payment Products and Systems in the 15 Member States - Final Report The public in most Member States has a -reasonable- level of confidence in electronic payment transactions, according to the results of a study undertaken for the European Commission. The study was presented to a conference organised by the Commission in Brussels on 16th September that highlighted the increasing economic importance of such transactions and assessed the technological solutions which keep payment providers and users ahead of criminals and fraudsters. Finnish consumers show the highest level of confidence, followed by the Dutch and Swedish. Greek and Portuguese consumers have a particular lack of trust in electronic payments. The study also concluded that businesses using e-commerce need to improve the information they provide to consumers on security issues but that customers comparatively rarely suffer financially from fraud, which when it occurs is usually at the expense of the business involved. (European Commission - DG Internal Market, September 2003, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Survey of Electronic Money Developments This survey has been realized by the Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems, taking into account 68 countries between 1999 and 2000. The report also includes some information on the policy stance adopted by various authorities, including central banks. (BIS, March 2000 - via BIS) The Euro in the Electronic Purse This White Paper deals with the impact of the introduction of the Euro on the interoperability issues of smart-card based e-payments in Europe. (SmartEuro project partners, April 2000 - via Eurosmart). The evaluation of the security of payment instruments and components Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) The Future of Electronic Payments: Roadblocks and Emerging Practices Testimony by one of the leading American experts before the Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking and Financial Services. (Vartanian, September 2000 - Fried & Franck & Partners) The Impact of Recent Technological Advances on the Securities Markets The American Commission on Securities presented in 1997 a report to the Congress on the impact of technological advances on the securities market. It discusses among others the effect of recent technological advances on enforcement of the federal securities laws. (SEC, 1997, via SEC) The right to provide payment services to the public Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) The use of "our", "share" "ben" Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Unauthorised Internet Transactions The Australian Banking Industry Ombudsman (ABIO) released a Report entitled Unauthorised Internet Transactions illustrating the legal and banking practice issues raised in complaints,the investigation process and different types of resolution. (ABIO, 2001, via Australian Banking Ombudsman) Unauthorised transactions Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Value dates Summary of comments received on COM (2003) 718 final concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market. (March 2004, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Web Banking in the USA This survey on Web sites of banks in the USA was done in order to learn about Web banking models that are being adopted in the United States, putting into exergue that American banks are using the Web to reach opportunities in three different categories: to market information, to deliver banking products and services and to improve customer relationship. Each one of these categories has to be split into three levels of interaction, classifying different kinds of applications that are found in each of the searched Web sites. (Diniz, 1998, via JIBC)
Speeches
Conference : Payments & Confidence - Concluding speech (BYRNE, September 2003, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Conference : Payments & Confidence - Consumers\' perception on e-payments and consumer information on security in the European Union (Hegarty, September 2003, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Conference : Payments & Confidence - The expectations of the consumers (Mader, September 2003, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Conference : Payments & Confidence - The level of security and the practical implementation of security (Hegarty, September 2003, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Conference : Payments & Confidence - The migration to EMV chip cards in the EU (Hoch, September 2003, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Conference : Payments & Confidence - The security of chip cards (Robshaw, September 2003, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Conference : Payments & Confidence - The security of e-banking and of fund transfers over the Internet (Harald, September 2003, via European Commission - DG Internal Market) Conference : Payments & Confidence - The views of the Eurosystem (Tumpel-Gugerell, September 2003, via European Commission - DG Internal Market)
Studies
Evaluating internal credit rating systems depending on bank size The study give answers to three research questions: First, is it better for banks to use their own data for credit scoring or to pool data across institutions? Second, are we able to identify low-quality internal credit rating systems based on quantitative statistics? Third, is it better for banks to use default probability estimates of statistical default models or those based on historical rating class default rates? Results of the study are that pooling of data across institutions is generally better than relying on one’s own data. (Frerichs, Wahrenburg, April 2003, via E-Finance Lab) New technology and respect for privacy at the workplace The use of new information and communication technologies (ICT) at the workplace has spread rapidly in recent years. This raises numerous issues for employers, employees and their representatives, especially in terms of the relationship between workers\' privacy and employers\' need to control and monitor the use of ICT. The matter is especially topical in Europe at present, with the European Commission due to propose a Directive on workplace data protection in 2004 or 2005. This comparative study focuses on one specific issue raised by the growth of ICT at work - the relationship between internet/e-mail use at work and respect for workers\' privacy. It examines: the European and national legal framework on privacy at work, data protection, and workplace internet/mail use; guidelines and codes of conduct in this area; the views and activities of the social partners; and the extent to which collective bargaining deals with such topics. (August 2003 - via European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions) The legal and market aspects of electronic signatures (Interdisciplinary centre for Law & Information Technology, October 2003 - via European Commission - DG Information Society)